دانشگاه اصفهان جامعه شناسی کاربردی 2008-5745 35 1 2024 03 20 Social Vulnerability of the Citizens of Isfahan in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Study «آسیب پذیری اجتماعی» شهروندان اصفهانی در مواجهه با اپیدمی کووید 19: یک مطالعۀ ترکیبی 1 30 27907 10.22108/jas.2023.138624.2427 FA زهرا ماهر استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران زهرا ذاکری نصرآبادی استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2023 08 06 Introduction Social vulnerability refers to the varying degrees of sensitivity and the adverse effects experienced by individuals due to social, economic, and political factors in the face of a risk (Burton et al., 2018; Crimmins, 2020; Eisler et al., 2021). The scientific and systematic analysis of citizens' vulnerability to the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial in identifying and understanding the significant disparities in vulnerability among different socio-economic groups. This analysis not only reveals weaknesses in policy and crisis management, but also helps in formulating appropriate policies to direct economic and cultural resources towards supporting these vulnerable groups and taking effective actions aligned with citizens' needs. In this study, we adopted a hybrid approach to examine the COVID-19 pandemic as a social phenomenon. Firstly, we explored the lived experiences of the citizens of Isfahan and the types of hardships they had faced during the pandemic. Subsequently, we measured and described the state of vulnerability and its various indicators in the entire population of Isfahan. This comprehensive analysis enabled us to analyze the different types of damages caused by the crisis and assess the level of vulnerability among various social groups on a broader and generalizable scale. Materials & Methods In terms of methodology, this research followed a mixed qualitative-quantitative sequential approach. The qualitative method employed was of a phenomenological nature. To gather qualitative data, a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select a sample of 30 individuals, who had experienced significant damage from the coronavirus due to their specific circumstances. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these participants and the conversations were transcribed into text format. The data obtained were then analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis, which involved coding and interpretation. In the quantitative part of the study, a survey was conducted to measure the vulnerability of Isfahan citizens to exposure to Corona on a representative sample of all citizens aged 19 to 64 years in the city of Isfahan. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and a quota sampling method was employed. A total of 483 citizens were included in the study. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the damages experienced by the participants in the face of the coronavirus could be categorized into 5 main categories: social damages, economic damages, educational damages, cultural damages, and institutional damages. Each of these categories further consisted of sub-categories. Under economic damages, 3 sub-categories were identified: treatment costs, burnout, and economic pressure. Educational harms encompassed 3 sub-categories: degradation of education quality, weak internet infrastructure, and reproduction of class inequalities. Cultural damage was found to have 2 sub-categories: erosion of cultural capital and transformation in customs. Institutional harms were classified into 4 sub-categories: inefficiency of government policies, wandering of institutions, institutional mistrust, and inefficiency of the care system. Social harms were divided into 4 sub-categories: intensification of domestic conflict, weakening of social ties, social stigma of Corona, and suspension of social relief. It is important to note that generalizing these results to all citizens of Isfahan required a comprehensive study to be conducted on a representative statistical sample of the society. Furthermore, basing policy-making decisions on these results depended on answering the question of whether the severity of vulnerability among Isfahan citizens in all these dimensions was uniform across different social classes, including low, middle, and high classes. In alignment with the qualitative findings, the quantitative part of the research indicated that the citizens of Isfahan had an average score close to or higher than the average range of scores (equal to 3) in most social harms. However, when comparing the severity of social vulnerability across different dimensions, it was observed that the citizens of Isfahan experienced more cultural and institutional damages compared to other types of damages during the COVID-19 epidemic. On the other hand, they were relatively less vulnerable in terms of economics, work, and family relationships. اپیدمی کووید 19، عصر حاضر را با مخاطراتی جدید و دامن‌گستر مواجه کرده است. پژوهش حاضر، ابتدا تجربۀ زیستۀ شهروندان اصفهانی از آسیب‎‎‍پذیری دوران کرونا را واکاوی می‏کند و سپس میزان آسیب‌پذیریِ گروه‌های مختلف اجتماعی را در جامعۀ آماری کل شهروندان اصفهانی می‌سنجد. پژوهش حاضر، از‌نظر روش‌شناسی یک تحقیق ترکیبی از نوع متوالی کیفی-کمی است. روش کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی است. بر این اساس با استفاده از تکنیک نمونه‌گیری هدفمند[1]‌، تعداد 30 نفر از افرادی انتخاب شدند که به اقتضای شرایط خویش، تجربۀ آسیب‎دیدگی بیشتری از کروناویروس داشتند‌. مصاحبه‌ها از نوع نیمه‌ساختاریافته بود. پس از پیاده‌سازی مصاحبه‌ها و تبدیل گفت‌وگوها به متن، داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل دادۀ کولایزی[2] کدگذاری و تفسیر شد. در بخش کمی، با انجام تحقیق پیمایشی، میزان «آسیب‌پذیری شهروندان اصفهانی از مواجهه با کرونا» بر‌ نمونه‎ای معرف از کل شهروندان 19 تا 64 سالۀ شهر اصفهان،‌ سنجش شد. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‎ای، 483 نفر از شهروندان‌ مطالعه شدند. نتایج بخش کیفی نشان داد شهروندان اصفهانی طی زندگی در شرایط کرونایی و برهمکنشی‎های اجتماعی با این شرایط، آسیب‎های مختلفی را تجربه‎ کرده‎اند که در پنج مقولۀ آسیب‌های اقتصادی،‌ فرهنگی،‌ آموزشی، ‌اجتماعی و ‌نهادی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج آزمون فرضیات نشان داد در آسیب‎‍های اقتصادی، شغلی و اجتماعی، میانگین نمرات پاسخگویان از حد متوسط نرمال پایین‌تر است و گویای آن است که شهروندان اصفهانی از‌لحاظ اقتصادی و اجتماعی آسیب‌پذیری کمتری داشته‌اند، اما در حوزۀ آسیب‎های فرهنگی، نهادی و آموزشی، میانگین نمرات پاسخگویان بالاتر از حد متوسط نرمال است. میزان آسیب‎پذیری در ابعاد اقتصادی، فرهنگی و آموزشی، در بین طبقات مختلف اجتماعی به‌گونه‎‍ای معنادار متفاوت است، اما در دیگر ابعاد تفاوت معناداری در بین طبقات مختلف اجتماعی وجود ندارد. بنابراین، آسیب‎پذیری شهروندان اصفهانی از شرایط همه‌گیری کرونا، ناشی از فقدان نظام منسجم و کارآمد مدیریت بحران‎ در کشور، بیشتر از نوع فرهنگی و نهادی است، حال آنکه در سطوح اجتماعی و اقتصادی توانسته‌اند خود را با شرایط اپیدمی سازگار کنند. این نتایج‌ تلویحات کاربردی در تدوین مداخلات برای بحران‌های کنونی و آیندۀ کلان‌شهر اصفهان و چه‌بسا جامعۀ ایران خواهد داشت. [1]. Purposive sampling [2]. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis

https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_27907_e561a7b4c1f3e28da9b1aa9d46e0b4bb.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جامعه شناسی کاربردی 2008-5745 35 1 2024 03 20 A Qualitative Study on the Issue of "Justice" in Medical Education in Iran مطالعه‌ای کیفی بر موضوع «عدالت» در آموزش پزشکی در ایران 31 52 28150 10.22108/jas.2024.136573.2362 FA احمد کلاته ساداتی دانشیار، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران سارا صادقیه دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جامعه‌شناسی، گروه جامعه ‏شناسی، دانشکده علوم ‏اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران کامران باقری لنکرانی استاد، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست‌گذاری سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران Journal Article 2023 02 06 Introduction Justice, a multifaceted concept, encompasses a spectrum of theoretical and societal constructs. While often perceived as a self-evident and assumed notion, justice simultaneously presents a complex and challenging dimension in our society. Medical education stands as a domain where the principles of justice find nuanced expression. The experiences of medical students during their university journey offer valuable insights into their comprehension and conceptualization of justice, particularly as members of the social elite. This study embarked on an exploration and analysis of perceptions and experiences of justice within the context of medical education, encompassing perspectives from students, professors, and medical education officials. Materials and Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2022 to investigate perceptions and experiences of justice in medical education in Iran. The focus was on medical sciences at universities across the nation. Participants were selected from universities affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), institutions that play a pivotal role in medical education in Iran. Adhering to qualitative research principles, 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors, students, and teaching assistants in the universities of medical sciences. The interviews aimed to delve into their perspectives on justice within the medical education landscape. After transcribing the interviews, the data were subjected to thematic analysis, a systematic method for identifying patterns and themes within the collected data. Discussion of Results and Conclusion The study findings revealed that injustice permeated the medical education landscape, manifesting even before individuals embarked on their medical careers. The current entrance exam system, despite its intention to ensure fairness, disproportionately would favor individuals from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, perpetuating inequalities among diverse social groups. This suggested that the pursuit of medical education remained largely confined to the privileged elite. Within the medical education system itself, a complex web of injustices intertwined, often leaving students feeling a sense of unfairness. Enrollment practices, including various quota systems, were identified as sources of discontent and dissatisfaction. Furthermore, the students from privileged backgrounds enjoyed an advantage due to their superior personal and social circumstances. They were less concerned about their future job prospects, sometimes capitalizing on hidden or unreported income and securing more favorable post-graduation opportunities. The thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: unequal structures, commodity society, and unfair policies. The findings suggested that within the framework of a commodity-driven, capitalist society, even well-intentioned policies aimed at promoting educational justice could inadvertently contribute to perpetuating unfairness. This highlighted the insidious nature of inequality and commodification, transforming seemingly fair practices into unjust outcomes. Despite policymakers' efforts to foster justice in medical education, the prevailing context of inequality and commodification undermined these intentions. Ultimately, the study underscored the need for a comprehensive approach that addressed both the structural inequities and pervasive commodification of education. Only by addressing these root causes could we create a more just and equitable medical education system that truly reflected the ideals of meritocracy and fairness. Despite the intentions of policymakers to promote educational equity in the medical field, the prevalent context of commodification and inequality rendered these policies ineffective and potentially unjust. The practical implementation of these policies often fell short and their outcomes could exacerbate the existing inequities. To address these challenges, there was a need for adaptable social policies that could evolve alongside social changes. This necessitated a dynamic and up-to-date approach to social policy formulation. A fair distribution of job opportunities and proportional rewards was crucial to ensure that talent was not solely driven by material aspirations but rather fostered and channeled towards self-improvement and societal advancement. Moreover, there was a pressing need for theoretical clarification of the concept of justice. While the notion of justice was often taken for granted in Iranian society and among policymakers, its complexities demanded a thorough examination. The foundational principles of justice and their underlying theories required further development, discussion, and clarification. The absence of a unified understanding of justice among policymakers highlighted the significance of this theoretical issue. The authors believed it had to be a priority for the academic community. عدالت در جامعۀ ما مفهومی است که در عین بدیهی و مفروض دیده شدن، گنگ و پیچیده است. یکی از حوزه‌های مرتبط با عدالت در حوزۀ آموزش، آموزش پزشکی است. تجربۀ پزشک‌شدن در بستر آموزش پزشکی حاضر، درک و مفهوم‌پردازی نسبت‌به موضوع عدالت را شفاف می‌کند. هدف مطالعۀ حاضر، کشف و واکاوی درک و تجربۀ عدالت در میان دانشجویان پزشکی، استادان و مسئولان آموزش پزشکی است. مطالعۀ حاضر، یک مطالعۀ کیفی است که در سال 1400 انجام و در آن داده‌های 29 مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته (با استادان، دانشجویان و معاونان آموزشی در دانشگاه‌های علوم پزشکی) به روش تحلیل مضمون تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. نتایج نشان داد ازنظر مشارکت‌کنندگان، بی‌عدالتی قبل از ورود به رشتۀ پزشکی و ازطریق کنکور اتفاق می‌افتد. بسترهای غیرمنصفانۀ رقابت در جامعه، شکلی از ورود غیرمنصفانه به رشتۀ پزشکی را به وجود آورده است. از سوی دیگر، میدان آموزش پزشکی نیز خود در بر گیرندۀ بستری پیچیده از بی‌عدالتی است که با وجود ناپذیرفته‌بودن مرسوم است. مضامین احصاشده عبارت‌اند از ساختارهای نابرابرساز، جامعۀ کالایی و سیاست‌های غیرمنصفانه. مطابق نتایج تحقیق سیاست‌گذاری‌ها و راهبردهای عادلانه در بستری از جامعۀ کالایی و سرمایه‌دارانه، به ضد خود بدل می‌شوند و به بی‌نظمی ناعادلانه و نابرابری می‌انجامند. تناسب سیاست‌گذاری‌ها در آموزش پزشکی با تغییرات اجتماعی، چابکی و به‌روز‌بودن،‌ به عنوان ملزومات تغییر پیشنهاد می‌شود. اتخاذ سیاست‌های عادلانه در کنکور سراسری و میدان آموزش پزشکی، توزیع منصفانۀ جایگاه‌های شغلی، تناسب فعالیت بالین با حقوق و دریافت‌های دانشجویان پزشکی، از تغییرات فوری پیشنهادی در آموزش پزشکی روشن است که سیاست‌گذاری‌های کل‌نگرانه در آموزش پزشکی، مانع هدررفت حجم عظیمی از استعدادها در وزارت بهداشت می‌شود.

https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28150_4c3c6ba7db5543c39b5b22999faea868.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جامعه شناسی کاربردی 2008-5745 35 1 2024 03 20 A Woman between the Sky and Earth: An Ethnographic Study of the Lives of Abandoned Women and Their Understanding of Abandonment in the Cultural Context of One of the Marginal Neighborhoods of Isfahan City زنی میان آسمان و زمین: مطالعۀ مردم‌نگارانۀ زندگی زنان معلقه و درک آنها از معلقگی در بافت فرهنگی یکی از محلات حاشیۀ شهر اصفهان 53 82 27892 10.22108/jas.2023.138017.2406 FA زهره بیاتی کمیتکی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران سیدعلی هاشمیان فر دانشیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران حمید دهقانی استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2023 06 11 Introduction Family institution is undeniably one of the most crucial and influential aspects of human life, shaping our present and future. Over the years, we have witnessed significant developments within the realm of family dynamics. Among the vulnerable families, there exists a subgroup known as disordered families. These families struggle to fulfill the basic functions and meet the essential needs of their children, including material, emotional, sexual, and socialization needs. Due to the inherent nature of family institution as the smallest social unit, disordered families are particularly susceptible to social harm. One specific group of vulnerable families that has received limited attention and lacks comprehensive scientific studies, both domestically and internationally, is that, in which the female head of the household has been abandoned by the father for various reasons. In this research, we aimed to investigate the lives of abandoned women within the cultural context of a suburban area in Isfahan City. By understanding the cultural nuances of this neighborhood and comprehending the experiences of abandoned women through the lens of suspension within this cultural context, we could gain valuable insights into their circumstances. The choice of this particular cultural context for our study stemmed from the preliminary observations made by the researcher. It became apparent that a significant number of abandoned women resided in this neighborhood with drug addiction being a prevalent reason for their abandonment by their husbands. This research sought to shed light on the lives of these women, their challenges, and the impact of abandonment on their overall well-being. By addressing this understudied issue, we could contribute to a better understanding of the complexities surrounding abandoned women and potentially develop interventions to support them in rebuilding their lives. Materials & Methods This study employed a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing an ethnographic method. The data collection process involved conducting semi-structured interviews and non-participatory observations with a sample of 21 abandoned women residing in the Joyabad Khomeini Neighborhood of Isfahan. The selection of participants was based on a combined purposive sampling approach, which incorporated snowball sampling and acute case sampling methods. Thematic analysis was employed as the data analysis technique, involving coding at 4 levels: first, second, third, and superior level codes. To ensure validity, two control measures were implemented. Firstly, member-checking was conducted, where the selected participants were asked to review and provide feedback on the analyzed findings, concepts, and categories. Secondly, a scientific peer review was employed to further validate the findings. Discussion of Results and Conclusion The findings of this research shed light on the experiences of abandoned women within the cultural context of this neighborhood. It was evident that the family structure of the abandoned women was highly vulnerable with a significant risk of collapse. The absence of the father figure had torn these families apart, leaving the wives and children to face numerous challenges. The cultural context of this neighborhood with its strong adherence to traditional values and customs had further complicated the situation for these abandoned women. The prevalence of addiction and drug-related issues in this harmful context posed a significant threat to the residents. The families of the abandoned women, particularly the children, were among the most affected groups in this neighborhood, susceptible to falling into the trap of injuries and deviations. Understanding the conditions of abandonment within this cultural context, it was clear that the abandoned women perceived their situation with a range of negative emotions. These included distress, confusion, indecision, doubt, despair, dislike of their husbands, mental and physical turmoil, a sense of destruction and burning of life, mental and psychological helplessness, a sense of displacement and fatigue, and longing for a different life. These perceptions could be attributed to the trauma of abandonment, which had deeply affected these women. In conclusion, it is crucial to address the challenges faced by abandoned women and their families to prevent further negative consequences. Efforts should be made to provide support, interventions, and resources to help these women overcome the trauma of abandonment and rebuild their lives in a healthier and more fulfilling manner. By addressing the underlying issues and providing the necessary assistance, we can work towards creating a more supportive and inclusive community for abandoned women. در مقالۀ حاضر، دربارۀ زنان معلقه، یعنی زنانی که همسرانشان آ‌نها را رها کرده‌اند، مطالعه شده است؛ این مطالعه با هدف شناخت بافت فرهنگی محلۀ مطالعه‌شده‌ای که زنان معلقه در آن زندگی می‌کنند و درک این زنان از مفهوم معلقگی در این بافت فرهنگی انجام و با استفاده از مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختار‌یافته، مشاهدۀ غیر مشارکتی و به کمک نمونه‌گیری هدفمند ترکیبی (روش گلوله‌برفی و نمونه‌گیری از موارد حاد)، با 21 زن معلقۀ بافت فرهنگی یکی از محلات حاشیۀ شهر اصفهان، مصاحبه شد. روش تحلیل داده‌ها، تحلیل مضمون بود که در چهار سطح (کدهای سطح اول، دوم، سوم و برتر) اقدام به کدگذاری کردیم. دو مضمون برتر و اصلی تحقیق «بافتی سنتی و آسیب‌خیز» و «معلقه، زنی پریشان و سرگشته» بودند که درک زنان معلقه را از معلقگی خود در بافت فرهنگی مطالعه‌شده و شرایط و ویژگی‌های بافت فرهنگی را بیان می‌کردند که این زنان معلقه در آن زندگی می‌کنند. درنتیجه این زنان در بافت فرهنگی سنتی و آسیب‌خیز زندگی می‌کنند و درکشان از معلقگی، داشتن حس سرگشتگی، پریشانی، آشفتگی روحی، بلاتکلیفی، تردید، آوارگی، حقارت، سربار‌بودن، ناامیدی‌، بیزاری از همسر، احساس اندوه، پشیمانی از گذشته و حسرت بود که در این مقاله به‌طور مفصل این مضامین بررسی می‌شود.

https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_27892_94e693d8c92008ab62ad2ccf51631e87.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جامعه شناسی کاربردی 2008-5745 35 1 2024 03 20 Identifying the Antecedents and Consequences of Boundary Spanning of Industry and University Communication with a Mixed Meta-Synthesis Approach شناسایی پیشایندها و پسایندهای مرزگستری ارتباط صنعت و دانشگاه با رویکرد فراترکیب آمیخته 83 108 28290 10.22108/jas.2024.138906.2431 FA سعید نورالهی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران‌ 0009-0000-7037-9122 سیروس قنبری استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران Journal Article 2023 08 30 Introduction Boundary spanning is a critical strategy for fostering the growth and development of both industry and university institutions. This strategy necessitates identifying the requirements, drivers, and antecedents that influence the interaction between industry and university, ultimately leading to enhanced effectiveness for both parties. Moreover, as a collaborative strategy between industry and university, boundary spanning has significant impacts on various organizational components, resulting in consequences that contribute to the growth and development of both sectors. Previous research has examined the relationship between boundary spanning and specific variables on a case-by-case basis. Variables like academic motivation, deep understanding of organizational procedures, complex communication and interpersonal skills, organizational structure, environmental dynamics, organizational agility, and flexibility have been investigated in relation to boundary spanning. However, a comprehensive research effort that identifies the antecedent-consequence components of boundary spanning and elucidates the role of each variable in the industry-university relationship is lacking. To address this gap and provide a comprehensive model of boundary spanning variables in the context of industry and university, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of previous studies and systematically examine the antecedents and consequences within a framework. Therefore, this research aimed to answer the following questions: 1) What are the antecedents of boundary spanning between industry and university? 2) What are the ramifications of boundary spanning between industry and university? Materials & Methods This research employed a qualitative study design, utilizing a systematic review approach and a mixed research synthesis approach. The research focused on English-language studies published between 2012 and 2023 sourced from various scientific databases. Sampling was conducted in a targeted manner. To achieve the research objectives, the 7-step model proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) was employed. Discussion of Results & Conclusion During the analysis of the selected studies, a total of 148 categories were identified and extracted. Subsequently, the number of categories was reduced to 94 through further analysis. Finally, these categories were classified into general categories, resulting in 16 thematic components. Among these components, 6 components fell under the broader category of Antecedents, while the remaining ten were categorized as Consequences. The research findings revealed that the antecedents of boundary spanning could be classified into 6 general categories: structural-technological antecedents, structural-organizational antecedents, individual-organizational antecedents, leadership style, psychological-individual antecedents, and team-building antecedents. The research findings indicated that the consequences of boundary spanning could be classified into 10 general categories. These included the development of knowledge management skills, promotion of organizational creativity and innovation, enhancement of social capital, establishment of effective communication networks, impact on organizational performance, fostering of psychological capital, individual career-related outcomes, personal development, promotion of organizational commitment, and potential organizational role damage. Furthermore, this study emphasized the importance of fulfilling specific requirements for the successful implementation of boundary spanning in the industry-university relationship. Neglecting these requirements could hinder favorable outcomes in terms of industry-university communication. To enhance and strengthen the interaction between industry and university, various solutions could be implemented, such as offering internship programs for students in the industry, organizing joint meetings between university faculty and industry officials, facilitating exchange visits between industry employees and university staff, recruiting graduates from the university, providing training opportunities for company employees in universities, facilitating researcher transfers between academia and industry, licensing university patents to companies, offering industry study opportunities, conducting joint research programs, and engaging in community-level problem-solving projects. Employing the boundary spanning strategy can greatly benefit these initiatives. هدف از انجام پژوهش، شناسایی پیشایندها و پسایندهای مرزگستری در ارتباط صنعت و دانشگاه بود. پژوهش از نوع مطالعات کیفی بود که به روش مرور نظام‌مند و با شیوۀ فراترکیب آمیخته انجام گرفت. جامعۀ بررسی‌شده، پژوهش‏های منتشرشده به زبان انگلیسی در سال‏های 2012 تا 2023 در پایگاه‏های علمی بود. یافته‏های پژوهش نشان داد‌ مرزگستری در ارتباط صنعت و دانشگاه، مشتمل بر پیشایندهای ساختاری-فناوری، ساختاری-سازمانی، فردی-سازمانی، سبک‌های رهبری، روان‌شناختی-فردی، تیم‌سازی و پسایندهای توسعۀ مهارت‌های مدیریت دانش، ارتقای خلاقیت-نوآوری سازمانی، ارتقای سرمایۀ اجتماعی، توسعۀ شبکۀ ارتباطی، عملکرد و پیامدهای سازمانی، ارتقای سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی، پیامدهای شغلی-فردی، توسعۀ فردی-شخصی، ارتقای تعهد سازمانی و آسیب نقش سازمانی بود. با در نظر گرفتن پیشایندها به‌عنوان مقدمات و الزامات مرزگستری، آنها عناصر برنامه‌ریزی توسعۀ راهبردهای ارتباط صنعت و دانشگاه در نظر گرفته می‌شوند که در تقویت تعامل و همکاری صنعت و دانشگاه نقش‌آفرینی می‌کنند‌. همچنین با توجه به پسایندهای مرزگستری ارتباط صنعت و دانشگاه، انتظارات از پروژه‌های مرزگستری‌ ترسیم و پیش‌بینی‌های لازم بر مبنای نتایج آینده‌ انجام می‌شود.

https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28290_a48c1e67628d9111ae74c020eb805fa5.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جامعه شناسی کاربردی 2008-5745 35 1 2024 03 20 Analyzing Mashhadi Parents' Lived Experiences in Relation to Their Children's Environmental Education واکاوی تجارب زیستۀ والدین مشهدی از تربیت محیط‌زیستی فرزندانشان 109 138 28444 10.22108/jas.2024.139823.2449 FA امیرعلی برومند دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، گروه برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ تحصیلات تکمیلی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران محمد جواد امیری استادیار، گروه برنامه‌ریزی، مدیریت و آموزش محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ تحصیلات تکمیلی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2023 11 16 Introduction Analyzing pro-environmental and destructive behaviors is a critical issue in the field of environmental social sciences. In the literature of environmental sociology, these behaviors are defined in various ways, such as "actions that have a positive or negative impact on the environment" (Stern, 2000), "responsible or irresponsible behaviors to protect or harm the environment" (Thøgersen, 2006), and "actions that are friendly or hostile to the environment and align with the principles of sustainability" (Swanson et al., 2023; Lockie, 2023). At the social level, numerous studies on eco-friendly behaviors, including sustainable consumption (Istrate et al., 2020), waste reduction and recycling (Sharma et al., 2019), and sustainable transportation (Holden et al., 2019), have emphasized the crucial role of family environmental education, particularly in the early stages of childhood. Similarly, research on destructive and harmful environmental behaviors, such as the spread of environmental pollution (Waris et al., 2021), wildlife trafficking (Boroumand & Amiri, 2023), and climate change (McMichael et al., 2006), has revealed the direct and indirect effects of education as a significant root of contemporary environmental challenges. Given the importance of this topic, it is necessary to focus on the process of child socialization and their understanding of human-environment interactions through the process of "education" in the formulation and resolution of environmental crises. The new paradigms in sociology and environmental psychology prioritize environmental education, leading to a renewed emphasis on fostering a moral relationship between humans and their living environment during the socialization process (Barragan-Jason et al., 2023; Boroumand, 2023). The international research literature strongly suggests a significant relationship between children's environmental education by parents and their environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (Iwaniec & Curdt-Christiansen, 2020). However, no study has yet explored the environmental education of Iranian families and parents and its effect on children's cognitive, value, and behavioral systems. This study aimed to address this gap by studying and formulating parents' lived experiences regarding their children's environmental education. Materials and Methods This research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing the Grounded Theory method and semi-structured in-depth interviews, following the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1997), which aligns with the socio-interpretivist paradigm. The researchers concurrently collected, classified, and analyzed the research data, creating a storyline from the relationships between the central category and other categories. Since in Grounded Theory, sampling cannot be planned in advance and is based on theoretical saturation, 22 parents (11 couples), who provided rich and comprehensive information to address the research questions, were interviewed using snowball sampling. This allowed for the enumeration of categories and dimensions, as well as the in-depth understanding of the relationships between the categories, enabling presentation of a comprehensive explanatory theory. The analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted in 3 stages: open, axial, and selective coding. In the open coding stage, the data were separated and categorized word by word with a code or concept assigned to each. During the axial coding stage, the raw codes related to each other in terms of characteristics and concepts were placed into subcategories. In this stage, the categories were connected in the form of a network. Finally, in the selective coding phase, the main categories and the core category emerged with the help of the coding results. Throughout the data collection and concept development, these steps were reviewed iteratively. At this stage, the researchers answered the fundamental questions and explained the strategies and consequences of the core phenomenon using the paradigm analysis of three parts of the condition (causal and intervening) and discussed their mutual influence over an extended period. In the final stage, this theory provided a framework that led to the emergence of the results through multiple arguments. The researchers then reconstructed and summarized their findings in a coherent manner to provide useful and informative information for the reader. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The findings of the present study revealed that the causal conditions shaping parents' environmental education were their "reaction to environmental crises", "parental responsibility", "influence of children's interactions with nature in other areas of their lives", and "parents' commitment to the next generation". The background conditions included "parents' childhood experiences of interacting with nature", "ability to experience nature at home", and "parents' religious beliefs". The intervening conditions were "responsibility training for children", "children's health concerns", and "concerns about computer addiction and virtual spaces". The strategies employed by parents were "facilitating play and experimentation in nature", "interpreting nature and providing environmental education", and "encouraging pro-environmental behaviors and discouraging destructive ones". The consequences were "children's practical sensitivity to the environment", "their tendencies to participate more actively in environmental conservation as adults", and "individual development". The core phenomenon extracted from the analysis was "strengthening the children's ecological identity". This aligned with Schultz's (2000) assertion that parents' personal experiences of constructive interactions with nature in childhood and the ability to experience nature at home are crucial factors in the environmental education of children. The strategies identified in the present study's model of parental environmental education are consistent with the findings of previous research in the field of environmental education, such as the studies by Kahn and Kellert (2002), Sobel (2008), and Haj Hosseini et al. (2019), which emphasized the importance of facilitating play and experimentation in nature. Unlike the study results of Aguirre-Bilshuski et al. (2017) in New Zealand where parents reported a lack of sufficient knowledge and information to justify environmental behaviors, the parents interviewed in the present study did not express any self-statements indicating a lack of environmental knowledge. This difference might be attributed to the fact that the sample population in this research consisted of environmental activist parents, who likely had a higher level of environmental knowledge compared to the general population. In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the factors, strategies, and consequences involved in the environmental education of children from the perspective of parents. The findings contribute to the existing literature on environmental education and can inform the development of more effective programs and policies to promote environmental stewardship among children and families. تربیت محیط‌زیستی والدین ضمن شکل‌دهی به نظام شناختی، ارزش‌ها و جهان‌بینی محیط‌زیستی فرزندان، نظام رفتار محیط‌زیستی آ‌نها را نیز هدایت می‌کند. در این راستا‌ هدف اصلی این مطالعه، احصای تجربیات زیستۀ والدین از تربیت محیط‌زیستی فرزندانشان و کشاندن این تجارب به عرصۀ علم رسمی با خوانشی ازنظر علم جامعه‌شناسی محیط‌زیست است. رویکرد این پژوهش «کیفی»، روش آن «نظریۀ داده‌بنیاد» با رویکرد سیستماتیک، ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها «مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته» و پارادایم نظری حاکم بر آن، «تفسیرگرایی-اجتماعی» است. مصاحبه‌ها پس از گزینش 22 والد (11 زوج) به روش نمونه‌گیری «گلوله برفی»، انجام شد؛ سپس متن اظهارات به‌صورت کامل پیاده‌سازی و در سه فاز کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی شد تا مقولۀ هسته پدید بیاید. همچنین برای اعتبارسنجی داده‌ها از روش «باورپذیر‌کردن گزینشی» استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد شرایط علی تربیت محیط‌زیستی والدین، «واکنش به بحران‌های محیط‌زیستی»، «احساس وظیفۀ والدینی»، «تأثیر نحوۀ تعامل فرزندان با طبیعت در دیگر ساحت‌های زندگی فردی و جمعی فرزندان»، «تعهد فرانسلی والدین»، شرایط زمینه‌ای «تجربیات شخصی والدین از تعامل سازنده با طبیعت در کودکی»، «داشتن امکان بالفعل تجربۀ طبیعت در خانه» و «باورهای مذهبی والدین» است. همچنین شرایط مداخله‌گر «تمرین مسئولیت‌پذیری برای فرزندان»، «دغدغۀ سلامت فرزندان» و «نگرانی از اعتیاد به رایانه و فضای مجازی» است. راهبردهای ارائه‌شده در چارچوب مدل پارادایمی این مطالعه نیز عبارت بودند از: «تسهیلگری بازی و تجربه‌ورزی در طبیعت»، «تفسیر طبیعت و آموزش محیط‌زیست»، «تشویق و تنبیه رفتارهای دوستدار و مخرب طبیعت» و پیامدهای آن شامل «حساسیت عملی فرزندان نسبت‌به محیط‌‌زیست»، «تمایل به مشارکت محیط‌زیستی پررنگ‌تر در بزرگ‌سالی» و «توسعۀ فردی»‌. درنهایت پدیدار هستۀ شناسایی‌شده، «تقویت هویت بوم‌شناختی فرزندان» است.

https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28444_ef49814015773031ff4386d4d49e7c92.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جامعه شناسی کاربردی 2008-5745 35 1 2024 03 20 Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Relative Deprivation and Clannish Divergence in Mamasani and Rostam Counties بررسی رابطۀ احساس محرومیت نسبی و واگرایی طایفه‌ای در شهرستان‌های ممسنی و رستم 139 163 28489 10.22108/jas.2024.140947.2488 FA سهیلا لشکری دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه شیراز، بخش جامعه شناسی و برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، شیراز، ایران اصغر میرفردی دانشیار، بخش جامعه‌شناسی و برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. 0000-0002-1219-4485 حبیب احمدی استاد، بخش جامعه‌شناسی و برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. علی یار احمدی دانشیار، بخش جامعه‌شناسی و برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Journal Article 2024 03 10 Introduction Clans and traditional local divisions can lead to separations and social distancing within communities. In such cases, influential clan leaders may reinforce distinct local and cultural identities through rituals, genealogies, and historical narratives, which can intensify inter-clan competition. Mamasani Region, comprising Mamasani and Rostam counties in Fars Province, is home to 5 independent clans. As societies undergo political and social transformations, the relationships within Mamasani and Rostam counties can be analyzed through the lens of clan dynamics. Feelings of relative deprivation can contribute to the strengthening of ethnic and inter-ethnic divisions. Such perceptions of deprivation may reduce solidarity, cohesion, and social interaction among groups. In the multi-clan Mamasani region, it is important to investigate trends of divergence and convergence over time to inform policymaking and community management. Changes and developments in the economic, cultural, and social spheres of Mamasani and Rostam counties require a deeper understanding of the relationship between relative deprivation and clannish divergence. Given the lack of existing research on this topic, this study aimed to explore the connections between relative deprivation and the social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions of clannish divergence among the people living in the clans of Mamasani and Rostam counties. Materials & Methods This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. The target population was all individuals aged 20 years and above residing in Mamasani and Rostam counties, which comprised 5 distinct clans: Bekash, Javid, Domshanziari, Mahoor and Milati, and Rostam. A sample of 450 participants was selected using a random multi-stage cluster sampling approach. Data were collected through a self-administered, structured questionnaire containing closed-ended Likert scale items. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 26 software. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The findings revealed that the average levels of clannish divergence and perceived relative deprivation among residents of Mamasani and Rostam counties were higher than expected. There was a significant positive correlation between feelings of relative deprivation and clannish divergence, including its social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Interestingly, age was not significantly associated with clannish divergence. However, education level showed a significant relationship, with individuals having middle school or undergraduate education reporting the highest levels of clannish divergence and those with postgraduate or doctoral degrees reporting the lowest. Additionally, activity status was found to be a significant factor with students and workers exhibiting the highest levels of clannish divergence and the unemployed reporting the lowest. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the independent variables explained 9.5% of the variance in the dependent variable of clannish divergence. Given the prominent role and importance of relative deprivation in the multi-clan Mamasani region, addressing this issue was crucial for promoting clannish convergence. Experts recommend evidence-based policy interventions focused on fostering distributive justice across political, social, economic, and cultural domains. Emphasizing meritocracy over particularism in the selection of managers and leaders and leveraging the natural and human capacities of different clans could be effective strategies for improving the sense of justice and social cohesion within the community of Mamasani Region. با توجه به تنوع طایفه‌ای در شهرستان‌های ممسنی و رستم، این مقاله رابطۀ احساس محرومیت نسبی را با واگرایی طایفه‌ای و ابعاد آن در شهرستان‌های ممسنی و رستم بررسی کرده است. پژوهش حاضر ازنظر روش، کمی و ازنظر هدف کاربردی و توسعه‌ای است و با روش پیمایشی انجام ‌شد. تعداد 450 نفر به روش خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای در میان افراد ساکن در طوایف شهرستان‌های ممسنی و رستم انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پرسش‌نامۀ استاندارد بود. برای سنجش احساس محرومیت نسبی از پرسش‌نامۀ میرفردی (1400) و برای سنجش واگرایی طایفه‌ای از پرسش‌نامۀ محقق ساخته استفاده شد. همچنین برای سنجش اعتبار پرسش‌نامه از اعتبار صوری و سازه و برای تعیین پایایی پرسش‌نامه از هماهنگی درونی به روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد بین احساس محرومیت نسبی و واگرایی طایفه‌ای و ابعاد آن (اجتماعی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی)، رابطۀ مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد و بین احساس محرومیت نسبی و واگرایی طایفه‌ای در میان طوایف ساکن در شهرستان‌های ممسنی و رستم میز، روابط متفاوتی نشان داده شد. بین واگرایی طایفه‌ای بر‌حسب تحصیلات و وضعیت فعالیت، تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد، اما بین واگرایی طایفه‌ای بر‌حسب سن تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. بر پایۀ رگرسیون چند متغیره، متغیرهای مستقل 5/9 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین کردند.

https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28489_89ef6ef79bbd9c0aa04d67e4ad3db31d.pdf