دانشگاه اصفهانجامعه شناسی کاربردی2008-574535320240922Political Socialization in the Context of Ethnicity: Analyzing the Narrative of Sanandji Youthجامعهپذیری سیاسی در بستر قومیت: تحلیل روایت جوانان سنندجی1282865610.22108/jas.2024.141279.2499FAامیدقادرزادهدانشیار، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایرانبهروزغفوریکارشناسی ارشد جامعهشناسی، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایرانJournal Article20240427<strong>Introduction</strong>
Navigating the political landscape in multicultural societies often involves the challenge of accommodating citizens with diverse social and ethnic backgrounds, along with their preferred political values. This process is commonly pursued through the mechanism of political socialization. The concept of political socialization was first mentioned in the 1954 edition of the Handbook of Social Psychology, where the author noted its relevance to the study of how individuals acquire political identities, beliefs, values, attitudes, and behavioral patterns. Five years later, the first book dedicated to the topic "Political Socialization" was published by Hyman (Wasburn & Covert, 2017:3). Given the importance of political socialization in shaping social and political continuity and change, the present research aimed to delve into the institutional agents and their interrelationships involved in the political socialization process, taking individuals as the subject of investigation. The primary goal of this research was to understand the dimensions and sources of political socialization among a sample of Sanandji youth. Over the past decade, the participation rate of young people in elections had declined, while they had actively engaged in political protests. Undoubtedly, the political attitudes and orientations of young people were influenced not only by the political system, but also by the performance of political agents and the manner of political socialization. Particularly, the political socialization of Sanandji youth took place in a context where ethnicity was a decisive variable. The assumption of the present research was that ethnicity was a fundamental factor in shaping the political orientations of young people in Sanandaj. Compared to other regions of Iran, the Kurdish regions, including Sanandaj, had faced unfavorable conditions in terms of development indicators and social and political justice. Consequently, ethnic and religious differences were often interpreted as the source of Kurdistan's underdevelopment, further intensifying political alienation among the youth. Considering the significance of ethnicity and religion in Kurdistan Region, the primary question guiding this research was: What are the dimensions and sources of political socialization of youth in Sanandaj?
<strong> </strong>
<strong>Materials & Methods</strong>
The current research employed a qualitative approach, specifically the narrative analysis method, to obtain the necessary data for understanding the political socialization of young people in Sanandaj. This method allowed the researchers to delve into the narratives and stories of the young participants, exploring their political attitudes, experiences, and their relationship with political issues.
The interactive narrative analysis model was utilized in this study. The interactive model involved a dialogue process between the speaker (participant) and the listener (researcher), where the participant shared hid/her experiences in specific contexts, such as family, peer groups, school, and university. This process was not a passive one; rather, the researcher actively engaged by asking questions and the participant responded, allowing the narrative to unfold.
Analyzing the interactive structure of these conversations held a great research value as it often revealed complex systems of various narratives and a rich reserve of political, social, and cultural values at the macro level and in specific situations (Riessman, 2007:83). The target population for the current research was young people aged 18 to 32 years in Sanandaj. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and the dimensions of the obtained themes were clarified. This research was based on 36 in-depth interviews conducted in various locations. After the data were collected through semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis was employed to analyze the narratives. To ensure the interpretive validity of the research, the transcripts of the interviews and the researchers’ perceptions and understandings of the narratives were provided to some participants, who were asked to read the content and confirm its accuracy.
<strong>Discussion of Results & Conclusion</strong>
The first step in this research was to understand the youth's perspective on the world of politics and its related issues. The analysis revealed that the government was the central focus in the young people's description of political action. However, the interviewees expressed a sense of fear towards politics and most were reluctant to share their opinions on political matters.
One of the key dimensions of political socialization is political attitude and behavior. The narratives of the investigated youth indicated experiences of political participation and a declining sense of political efficacy, leading to political alienation. The emerging themes from the youth's narratives suggested a mentality of disparity between religion and politics. In describing the ideal government, the youth emphasized the importance of preserving civil, political, and social rights as dimensions of citizenship beyond ethnic and religious boundaries. They considered equal access to political and economic opportunities as a requirement for this form of government and stressed the necessity of realizing it within Iran's political system.
The research findings suggested that the official aspect of socialization was impaired among young people. The youth's narratives revealed a lack of trust in institutional agents, which they attributed to the "distancing of institutional agents from society". Most of the themes emerging from the youth's narratives indicated the inabilities of schools, universities, and the media to align the meaning system and political orientations of the youth with the preferred values of the political system. According to the youth's narratives, the informal sources of political socialization (family and peer group) did not work in alignment with socialization and strengthening its official form, sometimes being placed in opposition to it. Interpretation of the narratives of the Sanandaji youth suggested that Sanandaj, as part of the Kurdish regions, was on the margins of power relations, while the policy of role distribution had limited the residents of these regions, especially the educated youth, to marginal roles.
The youth's perception was that their demands as Sunni Kurdish youth were not represented by political actors in political arenas and they did not have the opportunity to participate in political decision-making. This feeling of political neglect had led to a distance from official sources of political socialization and an influence from unofficial sources.تربیت شهروندان همسو با نظام سیاسی و همراهکردن شهروندان با زمینههای اجتماعی و قومی متفاوت با ارزشهای مرجح سیاسی، از دغدغههای نظامهای سیاسی در جوامع متکثر به شمار میآید و ازطریق جامعهپذیری سیاسی دنبال میشود. در پژوهش حاضر، ابعاد جامعهپذیری سیاسی (فعالیت سیاسی، آگاهی سیاسی و رفتار سیاسی) و رویکرد جوانان نسبتبه منابع جامعهپذیری سیاسی (رسمی و غیررسمی) بررسی شده است. نظر به ماهیت اکتشافی و بسترمند پژوهش حاضر، رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل، روایت اختیار شده است. میدان مطالعهشده، جوانان 18 تا 32 سال شهر سنندج است که طی آن با 36 نفر مصاحبۀ نیمهساختاریافته به عمل آمد. بر مبنای یافتهها، سیاستهراسی بر پنداشت جوانان سایه افکنده است و ازنظر جوانان، فعالیت سیاسی بهمثابۀ پیشة خواص، کُنش سیاسی وفاداری و اعتراضی تداعی میشود. آگاهی سیاسی جوانان، حول «ذهنیتِ ناهمسازی دین و سیاست» و «زیست سیاسی شهروندمدار» صورتبندی شده است. در سطح رفتار سیاسی، جوانان نسبتبه تغییر از مجرای صندوق رأی مردد و ناامید بودند. تجربه و درک جوانان از منابع رسمی جامعهپذیری سیاسی بر «فاصلهگیری کارگزاران نهادی از جامعه»، «کاشت وارونۀ صداوسیما» و «نظام آموزشی ایدئولوژیک» دلالت داشت. بر مبنای روایت جوانان، رویکرد منابع غیررسمی جامعهپذیری، «سیاستپرهیزی همسالان» و «زوال اعتمادی نهادی خانواده» را نشان میداد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان از ناهمسویی منابع رسمی و غیررسمی جامعهپذیری سیاسی در میدان مطالعهشده دارد.https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28656_ec68f17beb231873ed09a26ac3f24e8b.pdfدانشگاه اصفهانجامعه شناسی کاربردی2008-574535320240922Phenomenological Exploration of Organ Donor Families’ Experiences: From Decision-Making to the Consequences of Life Donationکاوش پدیدارشناختی در تجارب خانوادههای اهداکنندۀ عضو: از تصمیمگیری تا پیامدهای اهدای زندگی29562867410.22108/jas.2024.141827.2523FAیزدانکریمی منجرموئیدانشجوی دکتری جامعهشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران0000-0002-5618-9506سیدعلیرضاافشانیاستاد، گروه جامعهشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایرانعلیروحانیدانشیار، گروه جامعهشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایرانمحمدمبارکیاستادیار، گروه جامعهشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایراناحمدکلاته ساداتیدانشیار، گروه جامعهشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایرانJournal Article20240613<strong>Introduction</strong>
Organ donation is heavily reliant on family decision-making, which represents a critical juncture in the donation process. Families faced with the option of organ donation must make this decision on behalf of their brain-dead loved one, while grappling with the emotional strain of an unexpected death and a limited timeframe. This high-stakes decision can have long-lasting impacts on family members, who must reconcile their choice, whether they feel satisfied with it or compelled to accept it, even if they later have doubts. This study employed a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of organ donor families regarding the decision-making process and its aftermath. The goal was to gain a deeper, more nuanced understanding of this complex phenomenon and its associated challenges. Specifically, the study aimed to address the following research questions:
How have donor families experienced the process of deciding about organ donation?
How have donor families conceptualized the outcomes and consequences of organ donation?
By delving into the personal narratives and perspectives of organ donor families, this research sought to shed light on the multifaceted human experience at the heart of organ donation, informing efforts to better support families during this difficult time.
<strong> </strong>
<strong>Materials & Methods</strong>
This qualitative study utilized a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of organ donor families. Phenomenological research seeks to capture the essence of a particular experience by gathering detailed accounts from individuals who have directly encountered the phenomenon of interest. Using purposive and criterion-based sampling techniques, the study recruited 17 organ donor families to participate. This sampling approach ensured the inclusion of information-rich cases aligned with the research objectives. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. This interview format allowed for gathering comprehensive, first-hand accounts from participants about their experiences related to organ donation decision-making and its aftermath. The interview data were transcribed and converted into text, which was then systematically coded and interpreted using the analytical method proposed by Moustakas. This phenomenological approach enabled the researchers to identify the core themes and essential meanings underlying the participants' lived experiences.
<strong>Discussion of Results & Conclusion</strong>
The findings of this study revealed the complex and emotionally fraught experiences of organ donor families, which coalesced around 3 primary themes and 10 related sub-themes. Organ donor families found themselves in a decision-making purgatory, grappling with internal tensions, time pressure, and excruciating dilemma of reconciling reason and emotion in the face of their loved one's brain death and the subsequent request for organ donation. Some families also contended with a charismatic decision-maker, who wielded significant influence over the final choice. Participants described experiencing both stigmatization and positive reinforcement from their social circles regarding their organ donation decision. Some also felt a sense of intrinsic social exclusion as the gravity of their choice set them apart from others, who had not faced such a weighty decision. Despite the immense challenges, many donor families ultimately derived a profound sense of peace, fulfillment, and even joy from their decision to donate their loved one's organs. They expressed a belief that they had honored their loved one's wishes and made the right choice, even if the process had been agonizing.
In conclusion, this study provided a nuanced, empathetic portrayal of the lived experiences of organ donor families. The findings underscored the profound personal and social complexities inherent in the organ donation decision-making process and offered valuable insights to inform supportive interventions and policy considerations. By amplifying the voices of these families, the research aimed to enhance understanding and ultimately improve outcomes for all those impacted by this challenging yet profoundly meaningful experience. The limited timeframe for organ donation not only created a sense of urgency, but also posed a significant challenge for donor families. These families had to make a crucial decision while simultaneously grappling with the profound loss of their loved one, which heightened their stress and emotional pressure. During the decision-making process, donor families faced the difficult task of reconciling the tension between logic and emotion. Logically, they recognized the value of donating organs to those in need, even if the decision was painful. Emotionally, however, their feelings and family relationships took precedence. This internal conflict could make the decision complex and burdensome, evoking a range of intense emotions, including fear, grief, anxiety, and a deep sense of responsibility. Adding to the complexity, the presence of a charismatic individual within the family could play a crucial role in the decision-making process. Such a person might be able to help harmonize and bring family members to a consensus. Donor families also reported receiving both positive and negative social feedback. Some experienced stigmatization or a sense of intrinsic social exclusion as relatives and acquaintances failed to understand or accept their decision to donate. In response, some participants chose to voluntarily distance themselves from those who could not empathize with their actions. Despite these challenges, the majority of participants ultimately expressed happiness and heartfelt satisfaction with the decision they had made to donate their loved one's organs. This suggested that, while the process was fraught with difficulty, the outcome could provide a profound sense of meaning and closure for donor families.تجربۀ مرگ مغزی و اهدای عضو، فرایند پیچیدهای برای خانوادههای اهداکنندۀ عضو است که سبب شده است این خانوادهها در موقعیت ویژهای قرار بگیرند. هدف مطالعۀ حاضر، واکاوی تجربۀ زیستۀ خانوادههای اهداکنندۀ عضو است. مطالعۀ حاضر یک مطالعۀ کیفی است که با روش پدیدارشناسی استعلایی انجام شده است. بر این اساس، با استفاده از تکنیک نمونهگیری هدفمند و معیار، 17 خانوادۀ اهداکنندۀ عضو انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات، از مصاحبۀ عمیق و نیمهساختاریافته استفاده شد. پس از پیادهسازی مصاحبهها و تبدیل گفتوگوها به متن، دادهها با استفاده از روش تحلیل موستاکاس کدگذاری و تفسیر شد. دادههای گردآوریشده در قالب سه مضمون اصلی و ده مضمون فرعی تحلیل شدند. مضامین اصلی و خردهمضمونها عبارتاند از: برزخ تصمیمگیری (تنشهای درونی خانواده، فشار زمان، تصمیم سخت، دوراهی عقل و احساس، تصمیمگیرندۀ کاریزماتیک)، بازخورد اجتماعی (انگزدن، بازخورد مثبت و طرد اجتماعی درونزاد)، رضایت قلبی (کسب آرامش، آرزوی اهداشدن، باور به تصمیم خود و خوشحالی ناشی از اهدا). نتایج نشان میدهد خانوادههای اهداکنندۀ عضو بعد از شنیدن خبر مرگ مغزی و درخواست اهدای عضو، شرایط بسیار سختی را برای تصمیمگرفتن به اهدا تحمل میکنند؛ زیرا با تنشهای خانوادگی و عقلی و احساسی روبهرو میشوند. همچنین اهدای عضو، بازخوردهای مثبت و منفی را در جامعه در پی داشته است که گاهی موجب ناراحتی و یا افتخارشان شده است. اما بهطور کلی مشارکتکنندگان از عملی که انجام داده بودند، ابراز خوشحالی میکردند و رضایت قلبی داشتند.https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28674_2cea84ee9f5512a82632faee33165254.pdfدانشگاه اصفهانجامعه شناسی کاربردی2008-574535320240922Identifying Psychological and Sociological Factors Affecting Job Aspirations in Lower Secondary Studentsشناسایی عوامل روانشناختی و جامعهشناختی مؤثر بر آرزوهای شغلی دانشآموزان دورۀ متوسطۀ اول57782872910.22108/jas.2024.141563.2511FAفریداحمدیدانشیار گروه فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکدۀ فناوریهای صنعتی، دانشگاه صنعتی ارومیه، ارومیه، ایرانسهیلااحمدیگروه علوم تربیتی، پردیس علامه طباطبایی دانشگاه فرهنگیان، ارومیه، ایرانJournal Article20240606<strong>Introduction</strong>
Quaglia and Cobb define a student’s aspiration as the ability to establish future goals and to be motivated in the present to pursue them (Quaglia & Cobb, 1996, p. 130). Job aspiration specifically refers to an individual's desire for future employment (Powell & Butterfield, 2003). In Iran, students are expected to formulate career goals during the first cycle of high school, marking a critical period for job-related decision-making. The choices students make regarding their academic fields of study and career paths are essential components of effective career guidance. Having clear job aspirations before entering the second cycle of high school significantly influences students’ professional lives and future success. To understand these aspirations fully, educators must recognize the factors that shape them to intervene effectively (Herbert, 1989). Additionally, it is crucial for governments and policymakers to grasp students’ job and educational aspirations in order to design strategic programs that promote educational and economic success. Consequently, our study aimed to investigate job aspirations, psychological and social predictors, and perceived reasons for job choice among lower secondary students in Iran.
<strong> </strong>
<strong>Materials & Methods</strong>
The target population consisted of all lower secondary students in Urmia during the academic year of 2022-2023, totaling 24,000 students. To ensure maximum representation, 1,200 students were randomly selected from various schools throughout the city, with the distribution by sex and school type mirroring the proportions of the target population. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The questionnaires included demographic questions, open-ended items, and Likert-type scales. The demographic section gathered information on the participants' school type, gender, academic major, and parents' educational levels and occupations, as well as total family income. Three open-ended questions were designed to assess students' degree and job aspirations, along with their parents’ degree aspirations for them. Additionally, Likert-type scales were used to collect data on academic self-concept, parental involvement, academic self-efficacy, socio-economic status, and student-teacher relationships. The data were analyzed using SPSS, utilizing descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression techniques.
<strong>Discussion of Results & Conclusion</strong>
The results of this study revealed that over half of the participants (61.5%) aspired to earn a Ph.D., followed by 31% aiming for a master’s degree and 5.9% hoping to attain a bachelor’s degree. This trend reflected a strong ambition among students.
A key finding of our analysis was that students' Grade Point Average (GPA) was one of the most significant predictors of job aspirations. Previous research supported the idea that academic performance prompted students to reassess their educational and career goals (Turner, 1964; Welsh, 1997). This self-evaluation process might explain why students with higher academic performance tended to have more ambitious career aspirations.
Furthermore, our findings indicated a significant positive relationship between academic self-efficacy and job aspirations, consistent with earlier studies that emphasized the importance of self-confidence in academic abilities (Betz & Hackett, 1981; Nauta, Epperson, & Kahn, 1998; Nauta & Epperson, 2003; Mau, 2003). Self-efficacy influenced individuals' choices, the effort they invested in their pursuits, and their responses to challenges (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1995). The strong correlation between academic self-concept and job aspirations further supported the findings of Rinn (2005, 2007), highlighting that students' perceptions of their academic abilities played a crucial role in shaping their career goals.
Our analysis also underscored the impact of degree aspirations on job aspirations, confirming that students' ambitions regarding higher education significantly influenced their career goals. Additionally, the occupational status of the students' fathers was found to be associated with their aspirations, indicating an intergenerational influence on career choices. Herr and Cramer (1996) noted that socioeconomic status can affect access to information about employment, work experiences, and occupational stereotypes, thereby shaping vocational interests. Importantly, our results demonstrated that the average socioeconomic status of a school was a strong predictor of students’ career aspirations, even after controlling for factors, such as school type, parental income, education, and occupation. This finding highlighted the need for schools to consider the socioeconomic context of their student populations when developing programs and resources aimed at enhancing career aspirations.
Regarding career choices, our findings revealed that medical-related careers were the most frequently selected paths among participants, with 52.4% expressing this preference. Notably, none of the participants chose science-related or technical careers. This trend could be partly attributed to the fact that the unemployment rate for graduates in medical fields was only 4.5%, significantly lower than the national average of 40% (National Census Centre, 2022).
Furthermore, the reasons participants cited for their career choices highlighted that monetary gain, the high prestige associated with their chosen careers, employment rates, and family economic status were prioritized as the most important factors influencing their decisions. In contrast, fewer students indicated that their aspirations were primarily driven by personal interests, revealing a significant gap between this factor and the others. This underscored the influence of perceived barriers, such as unemployment and family economic conditions, on career aspirations, reinforcing the idea that students' choices are shaped not only by their ambitions but also by the socio-economic realities they encounter. Additionally, the Technical and Vocational Training Organization reported that 40% of its clients seeking various skills were university graduates (Iran Technical and Vocational Training Organization, 2023). This situation reflected a waste of time and resources for both families and the government. If these individuals had received proper guidance from the outset, such outcomes might have been avoided.
Overall, these findings enhanced our understanding of the interplay between academic performance, self-efficacy, socio-economic factors, and job aspirations among students. The results of this study can have important implications for future planning efforts focused on developing and implementing effective interventions.
این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل روانشناختی و جامعهشناختی مؤثر بر آرزوهای شغلی دانشآموزان و دلایل ادراکشدۀ انتخاب شغل انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری، تمامی دانشآموزان دورۀ اول متوسطۀ شهر ارومیه در سال 1402-1401 (24000 دانشآموز) بود. برای داشتن یک نمونۀ معرف، 1200دانشآموز با شیوۀ نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده، از تمام مدارس متوسطۀ اول این شهر انتخاب شدند و ترکیب جنسیتی و نوع مدرسۀ نمونۀ آماری، منعکسکنندۀ نسبتهای جامعۀ آماری بود. دادهها با پرسشنامه و مصاحبه جمعآوری شدند. تحلیل دادهها به کمک آمار توصیفی، ضریب همبستگی و تحلیل رگرسیون سلسلهمراتبی انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که اکثریت پاسخدهندگان (4/52درصد)، شغلهای مرتبط با پزشکی و پیراپزشکی را انتخاب کردند. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون سلسلهمراتبی چندگانه نیز نشان داد که متغیرهای فردی، قویترین پیشبینیکنندۀ آرزوی شغلی بودند. تجزیه و تحلیل دلایل انتخاب شغل نیز نشان داد که متغیرهای جامعهشناختی، مانند درآمد مالی و پرستیژ اجتماعی، مهمترین دلایل انتخاب شغل بودند. یافتههای این مطالعه برای تلاشهای برنامهریزی آتی، با هدف مدیریت و هدایت مداخلات ارزشمند، کاربرد درخور ملاحظهای دارد.https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28729_1407b115c39bc9190eb8d9194e5b627e.pdfدانشگاه اصفهانجامعه شناسی کاربردی2008-574535320240922The Silent Voices of Disabled Girls in Yazd City: Understanding Limitations and Deprivationsصدای خاموش دختران معلول یزدی: برساخت محدودیت و محرومیت791002873410.22108/jas.2024.141160.2494FAمهنازفرهمنددانشیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایرانفاطمهعزیزی نژاد فردکارشناسی ارشد مددکاری، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایرانJournal Article20240410<strong>Introduction</strong><br />Girls with physical and motor disabilities represent one of the most vulnerable groups in contemporary society, possessing distinct needs and challenges compared to other segments of the population (Naghdi et al., 2023). Their disabilities are often subject to societal judgment, which can exacerbate their struggles (Blandul, 2024). This complex reality is further compounded by intersections with gender, class, poverty, and other social, cultural, political, and economic factors that shape their experiences (Amjad et al., 2023). Disability incurs significant social and health costs for these girls, leading to heightened stress and vulnerability (Schofield et al., 2024). As a result, disabled girls frequently become targets of stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes. This research aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of disabled girls in Yazd City, addressing these questions: What experiences and mentalities does disability bring to these girls? How do they perceive, feel, and reinterpret disability within the contexts of family and society?<br /> <br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong><br />This study utilized a qualitative approach grounded in interpretive phenomenology based on the method developed by Dikelman et al. (1989). The participants were girls with physical and motor disabilities from Yazd City with a total of 18 individuals selected through purposive and theoretical sampling techniques. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, which were recorded with the participants' consent. After conducting the interviews and transcribing the conversations, the data were analyzed using Dikelman's analytical method. The interview locations were chosen for the comfort of the participants. To ensure the quality and reliability of the data, the researchers collected multiple pieces of information and direct quotes. A key ethical consideration was obtaining informed consent from both the participants and their parents, with interviews conducted only as long as the participants were comfortable. The data collection process spanned 9 months.<br /> <br /><strong>Discussion of Results & Conclusion</strong><br />This article examined the experiences and perspectives of disabled girls through a qualitative lens. During the coding process, themes, such as identity stigma, leadership, marriage anxiety, forced confinement at home, educational challenges, inequality, and social restrictions emerged. The participants expressed that their disability was not the sole source of their difficulties; rather, it was the attitudes of family, peers, and society that had contributed to and exacerbated these challenges, creating a vicious cycle of limitations and exclusion. The girls reported that their families influenced by traditional and stereotypical beliefs feared social judgment and were often resistant to their pursuit of education, employment, and marriage. They perceived disability as a debilitating factor, instilling in them a sense of futility regarding their efforts. The belief that their movement difficulties and gender would render their aspirations fruitless further compounded their challenges.<br />Participants noted that their limited mobility had prevented them from engaging in social situations. The absence of accessible facilities, such as ramps and elevators, along with inadequate transportation options and high travel costs, had created significant barriers to attending schools, universities, and workplaces. They highlighted that the partial implementation of laws and the lack of medical, educational, and employment support in organizational policies had led to their social exclusion. Moreover, the difficulties in commuting coupled with the meaningful stares, labels, and judgments from others had contributed to feelings of loneliness, depression, and a sense of being trapped at home.دختران معلول جسمی _حرکتی از آسیب پذیرترین گروههای جامعهاند که در زیستجهان خود با چالشهای زیادی روبهرو هستند. بر همین مبنا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی و تحلیل تجارب زیستۀ دختران دارای معلولیت جسمی-حرکتی در ابعاد فردی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی در شهر یزد انجام شده است. این تحقیق با رویکرد کیفی و با روش پدیدارشناسی انجام شده است. میدان تحقیق، شهر یزد و روش گزینش نمونه، بهصورت هدفمند و گلولهبرفی با تعداد 18 نفر به روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته انجام شد. مقوله های انگ هویتی، وازدگی، سربارگی، فوبیای تأهل، خانه نشینی اجباری، رنج تحصیل، نابرابری و محدودیت اجتماعی در مرحلۀ کدگذاری استخراج شد. به روایت دختران، آنان جسم ناقص خود را در عین تحقیر، فرودستی و ناامیدی تجربه میکنند و معلولیت، تنها آنان را دچار مشکل نمیکند، بلکه خانواده، اطرافیان و جامعه در برساخت این چالشها و تشدید آن، مشارکت بیشتری دارند که در یک پیوند نزدیک و نامناسب، چرخۀ معیوبی از محدودیتها و محرومیتها را برای آنان رقم میزند.https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28734_0ac4b1774c2cb31579f8437fbcb40efc.pdfدانشگاه اصفهانجامعه شناسی کاربردی2008-574535320240922Women Undergoing Donor IVF Treatment: The Moderating Role of Economic Independence in Isfahanتحلیل جامعه شناختی تأثیر استیگمای (انگ) اجتماعی بر کیفیت روابط زنان و مردان نابارور تحت درمان IVF اهدایی با تأکید بر تعدیلگری استقلال اقتصادی در شهر اصفهان1011342873910.22108/jas.2024.141913.2527FAحیدرظفریدانشجوی دکتری، گروه جامعهشناسی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایرانعلی اصغرمهاجرانیاستادیار، گروه جامعهشناسی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایرانسید ناصرحجازی.استادیار، گروه جامعهشناسی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایرانJournal Article20240626<strong>Introduction</strong><br />Infertility is a significant social concern worldwide, including in Iran. In many societies, particularly our own, femininity is often defined through motherhood, which is frequently viewed as the primary means for women to enhance their status within the family and society (Hasanpoor-Azghady et al., 2019). The ability to have children is perceived as a vital individual, social, and cultural value. In developing countries, the negative effects of infertility are often more pronounced due to various social, cultural, and economic factors, leading to considerable social pressure on couples (Ebrahimzadeh Zagami et al., 2021). This study aimed to sociologically analyze the impact of social stigma on relationship quality among infertile men and women undergoing donor IVF treatment with a particular focus on the moderating role of women's economic independence within the family. Specifically, the research examined how social stigma influenced the quality of family and social relationships for both men and women undergoing donor IVF treatment. Additionally, it assessed the extent to which women's economic independence moderated the effect of social stigma on these relationships.<br /> <br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong><br />This research employed a quantitative, cross-sectional design, distinguishing it from longitudinal studies. The unit of analysis was micro-level, focusing on individual families (husband and wife). As such, the study was categorized as survey research, falling under non-experimental methods. The statistical population included all infertile men and women, who visited the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center and the Pouyesh Fertility Center for treatment during 2022 and 2023. The sample size was estimated using SPSS Sample Power software, resulting in a minimum of 140 sample units based on specific criteria. Ultimately, 147 samples were analyzed to test the hypotheses. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire that measured the quality of family relationships, the quality of social relationships, and the social stigma associated with infertility, employing the instruments adopted by Golombok-Rust (1985), Pierce et al. (1991), and Younesi et al. (2005), respectively. Additionally, women's economic independence was assessed based on their approximate income levels. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the measurement tools, factor validity techniques were applied for reflective measures, while face validity was used for formative measures. The results indicated that all tools suitable for this technique demonstrated factor validity. Reliability analysis showed that all reflective scales and subscales exhibited internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficients exceeding 0.90 or being very close to that threshold. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach, utilizing SmartPLS4 software.<br /> <br /><strong>Discussion of Results & Conclusion</strong><br />The descriptive analysis of the research variables revealed that the infertile men and women rated the quality of their family relationships with their spouses as good to excellent, while their social relationships were perceived as average. Regarding social stigma, the analysis indicated that, on average, the participants experienced social stigma although its severity was below the average threshold. Hypothesis testing demonstrated that social stigma negatively impacted both the family and social relationships of couples undergoing donor IVF treatment. However, the moderating role of women's economic independence was not supported by the findings. Overall, the results suggested that social stigma adversely affected the family and social dynamics of couples undergoing donor IVF treatment, regardless of the woman’s economic independence. The decline in the quality of family and social relationships among infertile couples due to social stigma is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful attention and comprehensive support. To aid these couples, the society can foster a more supportive environment by increasing public awareness of infertility and addressing the negative stigmas associated with it. This awareness can be promoted through various media, including television, radio, and social networks, as well as through workshops and seminars. Additionally, providing counseling services and establishing support groups for infertile couples can be beneficial. Furthermore, developing and implementing supportive legislation—such as financial assistance, access to treatment services, and protections for the rights of infertile couples in the workplace—can help them navigate the challenges of infertility and successfully undergo treatment.هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل جامعهشناختی تأثیر استیگمای اجتماعی بر کیفیت روابط زوجهای نابارور تحت درمان IVF اهدایی با تأکید بر نقش تعدیلگری استقلال اقتصادی زن بود. روش پژوهش، کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، تمامی زوجهای نابارور مراجعهکننده به مراکز ناباروری شهر اصفهان در بازۀ زمانی تیر تا اسفند 1402 بود. حجم نمونه برای سطح اطمینان 95% و توان آزمون حداقل 80%، برابر با 147 نفر تعیین شد. کیفیت روابط خانوادگی، کیفیت روابط اجتماعی و استیگمای اجتماعی ناشی از ناباروری به ترتیب، با استفاده از پرسشنامههای راست و گلومبوک[1] (1985)، پیرس و همکاران[2] (1991)، یونسی و همکاران (1384) سنجش شد. همچنین، استقلال اقتصادی زن براساس سطح تقریبی درآمد زن سنجش شد. دادهها با استفاده از روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری، با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی و با استفاده از نرمافزار Smart PLS4 تحلیل شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد استیگمای اجتماعی بر روابط خانوادگی و همچنین، روابط اجتماعی زوجهای نابارور تحت درمان IVF اهدایی، تأثیر منفی دارد. همچنین براساس نتایج، نقش تعدیلگری استقلال اقتصادی زن تأیید نشد. نتایج بر ارائۀ راهکارهای کاهش استیگمای اجتماعی، که مستلزم اقدامات هماهنگ و گسترده در سطوح مختلف جامعه است، تأکید میکند.<br /> <br />[1] Rust & Golombok<br />[2] Pierce et al.https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28739_adc1329d604a828cc5a8fd008525c6d9.pdfدانشگاه اصفهانجامعه شناسی کاربردی2008-574535320240922Sociological Analysis of Gender Differences in Suicide Ideation on Instagram: A Social Network Analysis Approach Using Big Dataتحلیل جامعهشناختی تفاوتهای جنسیتی در ایدهپردازی خودکشی در اینستاگرام: رویکردی از تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی با استفاده از کلانداده1351622880810.22108/jas.2024.141197.2496FAسمیهمیرزائیدکتری جامعهشناسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایراناکبرعلیوردی نیااستاد جامعهشناسی، گروه علوم اجتماعی ، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران0000-0003-0512-7839Journal Article20240430<strong>Introduction</strong><br />Official statistics indicate that, while the global suicide rate has declined over the past twenty years, Iran has experienced an alarming increase of over 44%. Suicidal ideation is a significant risk factor for suicide. Research has demonstrated that social media relationships can influence the dissemination of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite observable differences in how men and women use social media, as well as mixed findings regarding gender differences in suicidal ideation, there remains a gap in understanding these issues from a sociological perspective that focuses on communication network structures. The interconnected nature of social media facilitates network analysis through big data. Given the rising prevalence of social media usage, this study aimed to provide a sociological analysis of gender differences in suicidal ideation on Instagram. It will leverage Krohn’s network theory and its evolution, employing big data and social network analysis, while also offering policy implications.<br /> <br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong><br />This study employed an exploratory-quantitative research method, utilizing network analysis with big data sourced from Instagram. The research sample comprised Instagram users, who had made at least 4 posts featuring hashtags related to suicidal ideation, totaling 957 users, of whom 514 had public and accessible accounts.<strong> </strong>Data collection occurred in 3 phases:<br /><br /><strong> Phase 1:</strong> Identification of the research sample through posts containing hashtags related to suicidal ideation, resulting in a dataset of 20,223 posts.<br /><strong> Phase 2:</strong> Compilation of the follower and following lists of the research sample to construct the relationship network, yielding 2,037,883 nodes and 2,269,856 edges.<br /><strong> Phase 3:</strong> A repeat of the first phase after 1 year to assess changes in the level of suicidal ideation among the research sample, resulting in an additional 8,913 posts. During data collection, the study utilized the Dataak platform, Python, and Ninjagram software. For data cleaning, Excel was employed, while Gephi and R software were used for data analysis to calculate network variables. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS software. In line with the primary research question, the unit of observation included the posts and accounts of Instagram users, the unit of analysis was the individual (Instagram users), and the level of analysis was micro-level.<br /><br /> <br /> <strong>Discussion of Results & Conclusion</strong><br />The results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that, in terms of their influence on the dependent variable, the following variables were significant: for women, exposure to suicidal ideation, prior suicidal ideation, out-coreness centrality, and closeness centrality; for men, prior suicidal ideation, in-coreness centrality, and intensity (reciprocity); and for the overall sample, prior suicidal ideation, intensity (reciprocity), and exposure to suicidal ideation, all of which had a direct and significant impact on suicidal ideation.<strong> </strong>The explanatory power of the model was notably higher for women (53 to 31.2%) compared to men (28.3 to 18.2%) and the overall sample (28.3 to 17.9%). These findings suggested that, although there was no significant difference in the prevalence or likelihood of suicidal ideation between women and men in the sample, the mechanisms, by which an individual's position in the communication network surrounding suicidal thoughts and behaviors influenced the likelihood of suicidal ideation, differed by gender.<strong> </strong>Consequently, it is recommended that preventive interventions be designed with gender considerations in mind. Drawing on the findings of this research, policy implications based on Krohn’s theory and its development at micro, medium, and macro levels are proposed. These interventions aim to reduce the centrality of users within communication networks focused on suicidal ideas, attitudes, and norms.هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارائۀ تحلیل جامعهشناختی تفاوتهای جنسیتی در تبیین ایدهپردازی خودکشی در اینستاگرام، بر مبنای نظریۀ شبکۀ کرون و توسعۀ آن، با استفاده از کلانداده و تحلیل شبکۀ اجتماعی است. روش پژوهش از نوع اکتشافی-کمی و تحلیل شبکه با استفاده از کلانداده حاصل از اینستاگرام است. نمونۀ تحقیق شامل کاربران فارسیزبان اینستاگرامی است که طی بازۀ مدنظر حداقل چهار پست دارای هشتگ مرتبط با ایدهپردازی خودکشی منتشر کرده و دارای اکانت عمومی و در دسترس بودهاند. دادههای تحقیق در سه مرحله از اینستاگرام جمعآوری شدند. یافتههای حاصل از رگرسیون لجستیک نشان داد به ترتیبِ میزان تأثیر بر متغیر وابسته، در زنان: متغیرهای در معرض ایدهپردازی خودکشی قرارگرفتن، ایدهپردازی خودکشی پیشین، مرکزیت هستۀ خروجی و مرکزیت نزدیکی؛ در مردان: متغیرهای ایدهپردازی خودکشی پیشین، مرکزیت هستۀ ورودی و شدت (دوسویگی) و در کل نمونه: متغیرهای ایدهپردازی خودکشی پیشین، شدت (دوسویگی) و در معرض ایدهپردازی خودکشی قرارگرفتن، دارای تأثیر مستقیم و معنادار بر ایدهپردازی خودکشی است. توان تبیینی مدل در زنان (۵۳ تا ۲/۳۱درصد) بیشتر از مردان (۳/۲۸ تا ۲/۱۸درصد) و کل نمونه (۳/۲۸ تا ۹/۱۷درصد) است. نتایج تحقیق حاکیاز آن است که اگرچه تفاوت معناداری در میزان و احتمال وقوع ایدهپردازی خودکشی بین زنان و مردان نمونه وجود ندارد، سازوکارهای تأثیر موقعیت کاربر در شبکۀ ارتباطی حول ایدهها، افکار و رفتار خودکشانه بر احتمال وقوع ایدهپردازی خودکشی، برحسب جنس متفاوت است؛ ازاینرو انجام مداخلات پیشگیرانه با لحاظ متغیر جنس توصیه میشود.https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_28808_9b0da4c0ddbf3b4a6412feabc884beed.pdf