نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه گیلان، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد جامعهشناسی دانشگاه گیلان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
IntroductionIn recent years there has been an intense competition among countries for absorbing elite and developing methods for applying their knowledge. Different researches have been performed on elite individuals and different aspects of their lives. The ever increasing interest of scientists to research on these individuals indicates the importance and the role which they had on the development of societies.  Material & MethodsIn this research for the first part of the study, that is studying the background and designing a theoretical framework document survey has been used and considering the conditions and study subject for producing necessary data for examining theoretical framework in a specific time period survey-sectional method has been applied. Also researcher-built questionnaire technique has been used. The type of present study according to its goal is functional and because the present research seeks to describe and analyze the situation based on recommended variables of research therefore it is categorized as descriptive-analytic researches. The statistical community of this research includes elite pre-university students of female and male talented studentsââ schools of district one and two, elite instructors, talented students of supplementary studies of state university, elite physicians, and non-academic talented researchers introduced by elite foundation of Bandar-e-Abbas city. The total number of these elite equals to 267 individuals. 140 persons of them are man and 127 of them are woman. Considering the fact that the subject study of this research is a sociological survey, the analysis unit of this research is individual (academic and non-academic scientific elite). In this research classification sampling with simple random has been used. For determining the sample size quantitative Cochran formula is used. Discussion of Results & ConclusionsIn todayâs world the comprehensive development of a country is proportionate to production, application and promotion level of science. So if we accept that development is depended on these factors, in this way the high position of science and knowledge producers as the most effective factors of development would be highlighted. Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of studying effective social settings on elite training and flight. Conceptual frameworks and discussed theoretical viewpoints in theoretical section of the study provided a suitable departure point for proposing questions and achieving an acceptable explanation during the experimental survey. The main question of this study was to highlight the role of underlying social factors and grounds in elite training and effective factors for their training and their tendency to migration. The results of Pearson, one-way analysis of variance, multiple regression, and path analysis exams indicate that in two-variable analysis a significant relation between cultural capital and elite training has been observed. But this relation is negative and reverses which could indicate that cultural capital has a unjust and unequal distribution in society. And especially in the case study which are a group of selected elite.As it was observed in this study symbolic capital has a crucial role in elite training. In other words, with capital increment, elite training would also increase. This hypothesis was approved considering the theory of Bourdieuâs symbolic capital.Scientific world like different social fields is a kind of market in which the contrast and competition are done for achieving symbolic capital. The ultimate goal is accumulation of symbolic capital. Each elite is like a capitalist that tries to take her capital management in the best possible way. As capitalism is based on economic inequality, elite power has also unequal distribution. (Jahanbakhsh, 2007: pp.4-8)In addition to mentioned variables social capital variable has a direct relation to elite training. In other words, with the increment of social capital elite training also increases. The increase of social capital results in social interaction with high level of cooperation, trust, mutual deal, civil participation, and social welfare. Accordingly a society which enjoys powerful social relations and generally owns impressive social capital would provide the setting for elite training all by itself. In this way more elite and individualsâ participation and cooperation in society would result in growth and development and reinforces trust and social relations in society. If social capital is reinforced then in its setting elite could flourish their mental and spiritual abilities and be useful in advancing the supposed societyâs goals.In addition to positive relation of social capital on elite training the relation of this variable on the rate of elite tendency to migration is direct and negative. Thus it could be said that by decrease of social capital elite migration increases. So, the more social capital is reinforced, the performance of elite mentally and spiritually improves.Family is also one of the variables related to elite training. According to research results this relation is positive and significant. Elite training is depended on numerous reasons but family factor is one of the most important related factors on elite training and development course and their success. Certainly the role of family in elite success is so important that under no excuse it could be denied. The family with that significant and outstanding position that has in educational system could train many elite and have a significant impact on their success. The result of present study is in line with research results of Nouraldinvand et al (2011).One of the other effective factors in elite training is reference group. There is no doubt that an elite individualâs success to some extent is depended on its individual features. But it should not be forget that the elite as a member of school, family, and society may has access to different sources and supports which have important impact on his success. Reference group includes individuals or groups that come as basis and criteria for individualsâ judgment and evaluation. This group has a crucial role in social life of the elite. And the elite refer to this group for consult and getting comments. The results of the study indicate that between two variables; âsocial securityâ and âtendency to migrationâ there is a significant and positive relation. But considering the available documents in the province it seems this relation is a fake one. In this regard it is necessary to mention that because Bandar-e-Abbass city is a trade and economic district many people from other cities migrate and settle in this city for finding job. Naturally these issues have provided a secure atmosphere for its residents. Maybe some individuals feel secure but with a closer look in the mentioned district it becomes clear that in hidden layers there are so many insecurities. Acquired results indicate that there is no significant difference between two sexes as far as tendency to migration is concerned. Thus, it seems that the traditional structure of society and the viewpoints about men âthat because of more freedom in action they have a higher tendency to migrate- is disappearing. Or it could be said that this traditional view does not exist between the elite. Therefore the supremacy of boysâ tendency to migration rather than girls is not significant. This point is more likely to be analyzed in feministic approaches. Also the results indicate that there is significant statistical difference between the ages of respondents. The reason of this difference could be related to the great difference between the age ranges of respondents. Also the results indicate that the young elite in comparison to middle-age and adult elite have more tendencies to migration.In the final analysis considering the results of descriptive and inferential and also gathered data from interviews it could be mentioned that in modern world no society can continue to live without elite human sources. The result that could be got is that society with measures and adopting effective and efficient social, cultural, and political mechanisms should strengthen and enhance the factors which causes elite training and decreases their tendency to migrate. And also it should try to destroy the repulsive factors. And if the fundamental goal of society is social development then education and training and investing about elite human sources should receive specific attention. It should be acknowledged that deployment and maintenance of the elite needs social bedding. The important point that we have found in this research was that in Bandar-e-Abbass city socio-cultural factors like economic factors have influence on tendencies and motivations of individuals or even more. The analysis of these factors indicate that the reasons to elite migration inside the country or their migration abroad is related to the inappropriate situation and operation of education and training and higher education institutions, cultural and social institutions in the studied society. The structural deficiencies of scientific institutions and educational centers as the most important reason for elite migration indicate that the educational opportunities and scientific institutions and educational centers inside the province and country are not sufficient especially in supplementary level. Â
کلیدواژهها [English]